1. They counted four phases in a cycle: new moon, half moon, full moon and half moon.

他们用四个阶段来计算一个周期:新月,半月,满月和半月。
3. "The old moon in the new moon's arms" is nothing but that part of the moon's surface on which it is night, lighted up by earthlight .

“新月抱着亏月”只不过是月亮上处于夜晚的那一面被地球光所照亮。
4. M. drew on the ground the figures of the sun, moon, and earth and tried to explain gravitation, ebb-tide, flood-tide, new moon, full moon, eclipse, and so forth.

在地上画了太阳、月亮与地球的轮廓,设法解释引力作用、退潮、涨潮、新月、满月、月蚀等诸如此类的关系。
5. In other words, on the night of first quarter moon, we see half the moon's day side, or a true quarter of the moon.

换句话说,在上弦月上的夜晚,我们看见月的那一半白昼,或者准确的说上弦月。