3. a black plant louse that lives on oaks and dogwoods. 寄居在橡树和椋木上的黑色木虱。
4. This burrowing plant louse devastated European vineyards between 1860 and 1880 and its descendants are now ravaging Californian grape vines. 这种虫害在1860年到1880年间毁灭了欧洲葡萄园,而它们的后代现在也给加州的葡萄秧造成损害。
5. Epidemic typhus is passed from human to human by the body louse. 流行性斑疹伤寒是由体虱在人与人之间传播的。