1. In the Middle Ages, science was cramped by ignorance and superstition. 中世纪时,科学的发展受到无知和迷信的束缚。
2. "life and the memory of it cramped, /dim, on a piece of Bristol board" (Elizabeth Bishop); it can also apply to a source of light to indicate insufficiency. “生活及其回忆在一块上等板纸上束缚着、模糊着”(伊丽莎白大主教);它也能用于被表示不足光线的来源。
3. All farmed chickens, turkeys, and pigs spend their brief lives in dark and crowded warehouses, many of them so cramped that they can't even turn around or spread a single wing. 大部分农场里的鸡,火鸡,和猪,短暂的一生都生活在黑暗狭小的空间里,它们生活得如此拥挤,甚至不可能转身,或伸展开单只的翅膀。