1. It is postulated that population increase has strong effect on economic fluctuations. 这是假定，人口增长对经济波动具有很强的影响。
2. Quick closing valves, water hammer or supply pressure fluctuations can cause intermittent discharge. 迅速关闭阀门，水锤或供应压力波动可能导致间歇排放。
3. In electronic detectors such as photomultipliers and television tubes, noise manifests itself as random fluctuations in the output current. 对于光电倍增管，电视摄像管之类的电子探测器，噪声则表现为输出电流的随机起伏。
