1. Language works through relations of difference, which place signs in opposition to one another. Saussure asserted that there are only two types of relations: syntagmatic and paradigmatic. 语言学家索绪尔指出，语言各要素的关系和差别，都是在“组合关系”和“聚合关系”内展开的，语言的运用是通过运用这两种关系实现的。
