1. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. 这并不奇怪，因为任何飞行脊椎动物的设计都受到空气动力学限制。
2. Melatonin is a kind of indoleamine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland of the vertebrate, which has extensive biological functions. 褪黑激素是脊椎动物脑中松果腺合成的一种吲哚类激素，具有广泛的生物学作用。
3. Ambient temperature is one of the most important factors that restrict cold-blood vertebrate distribution, existence, breeding, migration and so on. 环境温度是制约冷血脊椎动物分布、生存、繁殖、迁徙等活动最重要的生态因子之一。
英英解释
n.
1. animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enc
2. having a backbone or spinal column
